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[26], By 1139, a settlement belonging to Governor Piotr Włostowic (also known as Piotr Włast Dunin) was built, and another on the left bank of the River Oder, near the present site of the university. Major museums also include the City Museum of Wrocław (pl), Museum of Bourgeois Art in the Old Town Hall, Museum of Architecture, Archaeological Museum (pl), Museum of Natural History at University of Wrocław, Museum of Contemporary Art in Wrocław, Archdiocese Museum (pl), Galeria Awangarda, the Arsenal, Museum of Pharmacy (pl), Post and Telecommunications Museum (pl), Geological Museum (pl), the Mineralogical Museum (pl), Ethnographic Museum (pl). On 5 June 1443, the city was rocked by an earthquake, estimated at ca. [73], During the invasion of Poland, which started World War II, in September 1939, the Germans carried out mass arrests of local Polish activists and banned Polish organizations,[71] and the city was made the headquarters of the southern district of the Selbstschutz, whose task was to persecute Poles. Every year on the second weekend of June the Festival of Good Beer takes place. [65], Known as a stronghold of left wing liberalism during the German Empire, Breslau eventually became one of the strongest support bases of the Nazi Party, which in the 1932 elections received 44% of the city's vote, their third-highest total in all Germany. [59] The Centennial Hall was built by Max Berg (1870–1947), since 2006 it is part of the world heritage of UNESCO. In 1863 the brothers Karl and Louis Stangen founded the travel agency Stangen, the second travel agency in the world. (2011) 630,131; (2017 est.) Tajemniczy obrzęd polskich pogan", "10 lat Pastoral Centre for English-Speakers", "Ranking Szkół Wyższych tygodnika WPROST", "Uniwersytet Medyczny im. The city's first municipal seal was inscribed with Sigillum civitatis Wratislavie. Wrocław originated at the intersection of two trade routes, the Via Regia and the Amber Road. Tienes derecho a acceder, rectificar y suprimir los datos, así como otros derechos, cuyo detalle se incluye en nuestra Política de Privacidad completa. [198], The Pan Tadeusz Museum, open since May 2016, is located in the "House under the Golden Sun" at 6 Market Square. San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Farmacias San pablo [61] Since 1900 modern department stores like Barasch (today "Feniks") or Petersdorff (built by architect Erich Mendelsohn) were erected. [214], Film directors Andrzej Wajda, Krzysztof Kieślowski, Sylwester Chęciński, among others, made their film debuts in Wrocław. In September 1941 the city's 10,000 Jews were expelled from their homes and soon deported to concentration camps. [90], In 1963, Wrocław was declared a closed city because of a smallpox epidemic. [108] As in other large Polish cities, the most numerous are pigeons. Many are in or near the Market Square, and in the Niepolda passage, the railway wharf on the Bogusławskiego street. In 2011 appeared the 1104-page Lexicon of the architecture of Wrocław and in 2013 a 960-page Lexicon about the greenery of Wrocław. In 1741 the city, which had for centuries had a large German population, fell to Prussia under the rule of Frederick II (the Great) and eventually became part of Germany. [13], The city is believed to be named after Duke Vratislav I of Bohemia from the Czech Přemyslid dynasty, who ruled the region between 915 and 921. The first mayor of Wrocław after the war was Bolesław Drobner, appointed to the position on 14 March 1945, even before the surrender of Festung Breslau. The Wrocław Cathedral, one of the tallest churches in Poland, was erected in the mid 10th century and later expanded over the next hundreds of years. [203], Small passenger vessels on the Oder offer river tours, as do historic trams or the converted open-topped historic buses Jelcz 043. ", "Wpływ zanieczyszczeń powietrza na zdrowie mieszkańców Dolnego Śląska", "73% wrocławian źle ocenia jakość powietrza w mieście", "Ekspert: Po Wrocławiu powinno się już chodzić z maseczką na twarzy. [210] A number of books have been written about Wrocław following World War II. There had been discussion among the Western Allies to place the southern Polish-German boundary on the Glatzer Neisse, which meant post-war Germany would have been allowed to retain approximately half of Silesia, including Breslau. Although the city was overwhelmingly German-speaking, the ethnic composition based on heritage or place of birth was mixed. In June 1930, Breslau hosted the Deutsche Kampfspiele, a sporting event for German athletes after Germany was excluded from the Olympic Games after World War I. There is also a regular connection to Berlin Hauptbahnhof and Wien Hauptbahnhof (Vienna), as well as indirect to Praha hlavní nádraží (Prague) and Budapest-Nyugati with one transfer depending on the carrier. During the ensuing Thirty Years' War, the city was occupied by Saxon and Swedish troops and lost thousands of inhabitants to the plague.[40]. Ver detalle legal. However, starting in 1526 Silesia was ruled by the Catholic House of Habsburg. Corrections? The Ślężans, a West Slavic tribe, settled on the Oder river and erected a fortified gord on Ostrów Tumski. Wrocław's population is predominantly Roman Catholic, like the rest of Poland. Empleos que se ajustan a tu perfil. [189] Fine examples of Neoclassicism, Gründerzeit and Historicism are also scattered across the city's central precinct. Electronic car rental systems include Traficar, Panek CarSharing (hybrid cars),[153][154] GoScooter and hop.city electric scooters using the mobile application. In 2019 over a 3.5 million passengers passed through the airport, placing it fifth on the list of busiest airports in Poland. 6 on the Richter scale, which destroyed or seriously damaged many of its buildings. [193], The early 13th-century Main Market Square (Rynek) is the oldest medieval public square in Poland, and also one of the largest. Wrocław, which for 350 years had been mostly under Polish hegemony, fell in 1335, after the death of Henry VI the Good, to the Kingdom of Bohemia, then a part of the Holy Roman Empire. The fortifications of the city were levelled, and monasteries and cloisters were seized. Breslau, S.59, Dumont(direkt)-Verlag, 2013. It was previously the capital of Wrocław Voivodeship. Breslau was the last major city in Germany to surrender, capitulating only two days before the end of the war in Europe. Davies, Moorhouse, p. 396; van Rahden, Juden, pp. In a report by French Respire organization, from 2014, Wrocław was ranked the eighth most polluted European city, with 166 days of bad air quality per year. DGNET Ltd, registrada en Escocia n°189977, con domicilio en 64A Cumberland Street, Edimburgo EH3 6RE, Reino Unido y teléfono de contacto: +44 131 473 1049. Revísalo y confirma la alerta para activarla. The oldest surviving document containing the recorded name of the city is the chronicle of Thietmar of Merseburg from the early 11th century, which records the city's name as "Wrotizlava", and cites it as a seat of a new bishopric at the Congress of Gniezno. Wrocław had the third largest Jewish population of all cities in Germany before the war. [140] On average, a car driver in Wrocław annually spends seven days and two hours in a traffic jam. [211] Accordingly, Michał Kaczmarek published Wrocław according to Eberhard Mock – Guide based on the books by Marek Krajewski. [142] A study in 2019 has revealed that there are approximately 130 vehicles per each parking spot, and the search for an unoccupied bay takes on average eight minutes. The 1900 census listed 422,709 residents. Przybywa tych ciepłolubnych. [85] The town's inhabitants who had not fled, or who had safely returned to their home town after the war officially had ended, were expelled between 1945 and 1949 in accordance to the Potsdam Agreement and were settled in the Soviet occupation zone or in the Allied Occupation Zones in the remainder of Germany. Wrocław was previously subdivided into five boroughs (dzielnica): Since 1990, the city has been divided into 48 district quarters (osiedle) – Bieńkowice, Biskupin-Sępolno-Dąbie-Bartoszowice, Borek, Brochów, Gaj, Gajowice, Gądów-Popowice Płd., Grabiszyn-Grabiszynek, Huby, Jagodno, Jerzmanowo-Jarnołtów-Strachowice-Osiniec, Karłowice-Różanka, Klecina, Kleczków, Kowale, Krzyki-Partynice, Księże, Kuźniki, Leśnica, Lipa Piotrowska, Maślice, Muchobór Mały, Muchobór Wielki, Nadodrze, Nowy Dwór, Ołbin, Ołtaszyn, Oporów, Osobowice-Rędzin, Pawłowice, Pilczyce-Kozanów-Popowice Płn., Plac Grunwaldzki, Polanowice-Poświętne-Ligota, Powstańców Śląskich, Pracze Odrzańskie, Przedmieście Oławskie, Przedmieście Świdnickie, Psie Pole-Zawidawie, Sołtysowice, Stare Miasto, Strachocin-Swojczyce-Wojnów, Szczepin, Świniary, Tarnogaj, Widawa, Wojszyce, Zacisze-Zalesie-Szczytniki, and Żerniki.[129]. [113] Air pollution also causes 3297 cases of bronchitis among Wrocław's children per year. The medieval chronicle, Gesta principum Polonorum (1112–1116) by Gallus Anonymus, named Wrocław, along with Kraków and Sandomierz, as one of three capitals of the Polish Kingdom. In December 2020, the population of Wrocław was estimated at 641,928 individuals, of which 342,215 were women and 299,713 were men. [14] When in 985, Duke Mieszko I of Poland conquered Silesia, Vratislavia's polonised form over time became Wrocław. [9] Also in that year, Wrocław hosted the Theatre Olympics, World Bridge Games and the European Film Awards. [31] The city, however, retained its multi-ethnic character, a reflection of its importance as a trading post on the junction of the Via Regia and the Amber Road. Wrocław's industry manufactures buses, railroad cars, home appliances, chemicals, and electronics. [66][67], KZ Dürrgoy, one of the first concentration camps in Nazi Germany, was set up in the city in 1933. The city became a centre of the German Liberation movement against Napoleon, and a gathering place for volunteers from all over Germany. Precise record-keeping of births and deaths by the city fathers led to the use of their data for analysis of mortality, first by John Graunt and then, based on data provided to him by Breslau professor Caspar Neumann, by Edmond Halley. At the end of the Thirty Years' War, however, it was one of only a few Silesian cities to stay Protestant. Alertas personalizadas. [1] Since 2011, the population has been steadily rising, with a 0.142% increase between 2019 and 2020, and a 2.167% increase in the years 2011–2020. [44], The Confederation of the Rhine had increased prosperity in Silesia and in the city. [195] North of the church are so-called "shambles" (Polish: jatki), a former meat market with a Monument of Remembrance for Slaughtered Animals. Wrocław is also the location of offices for large Polish companies including Getin Holding, AmRest, Polmos, and MCI Management SA. The lack of parking space is also a major setback; private lots or on-street pay bays are the most common means of parking. Wrocław has a bike rental network called the City Bike (Wrocławski Rower Miejski). Wrocław is the third largest educational centre of Poland, with 135,000 students in 30 colleges which employ some 7,400 staff. The city also sometimes experiences foehn-like conditions, particularly when the wind blows from the south or the south-west. Wrocław is the capital city of Lower Silesian Voivodeship, a province (voivodeship) created in 1999. Along with the Bishoprics of Kraków and Kołobrzeg, Wrocław was placed under the Archbishopric of Gniezno in Greater Poland, founded by Pope Sylvester II through the intercession of Polish Duke Bolesław I the Brave and Emperor Otto III in 1000, during the Gniezno Congress. [135], Wrocław is a major transport hub, situated at the crossroad of many routes linking Western and Central Europe with the rest of Poland. Te hemos enviado un correo de verificación. Contemporary Wrocław has one of the highest concentration of foreigners in Poland alongside Warsaw and Poznań; a significant majority are migrant workers from Ukraine; others came from Italy, Spain, South Korea, India, Russia and Turkey. Escribe tu contraseña para activar la alerta. There are 1200 km of cycling paths including about 100 km paths on flood embankments. In 1618, it supported the Bohemian Revolt out of fear of losing the right to religious freedom. Mis Alertas Mis Alertas Accede con tu cuenta a Computrabajo y crea alertas de empleo. Tadeusz Lewicki, Polska i kraje sąsiednie w świetle „Księgi Rogera” geografa arabskiego z XII w. Al Indrisi’ego, cz.I, Polska Akademia Nauk. Archaeological findings indicate settlement on the site as early as the Stone Age, several thousand years ago. [199], The Tourist Information Centre (Polish: Centrum Informacji Turystycznej) is situated on the Main Market Square (Rynek) in building no 14. Guanajuato, León, KENWORTH Registro gratuito. | Norman Davies official website", "Following the footsteps of Eberhard Mock", "Wrocław becomes UNESCO City of Literature! The Gestapo began actions against Polish and Jewish students (see: Jewish Theological Seminary of Breslau), Communists, Social Democrats, and trade unionists. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The city received self-governing rights in 1261, when it adopted the Magdeburg Law (Magdeburger Recht), a civic constitution based on German law. Picasso's lithograph, La Colombe (The Dove), a traditional, realistic picture of a pigeon, without an olive branch, was created on a napkin at the Monopol Hotel in Wrocław during the World Congress of Intellectuals in Defense of Peace. Elżbiety) with its 91.5-metre-high tower and an observation deck at an altitude of 75 metres. [55] The population was 58% Protestant, 37% Catholic (including at least 2% Polish)[56] and 5% Jewish (totaling 20,536 in the 1905 census). A large industrial centre situated in Dolny Śląsk (Lower Silesia), Wrocław is the fourth largest city in Poland. 4,2 Wrocław is now a unique European city of mixed heritage, with architecture influenced by Bohemian, Austrian, and Prussian traditions, such as Silesian Gothic and its Baroque style of court builders of Habsburg Austria (Fischer von Erlach). In 1929, the Werkbund opened WuWa (German: Wohnungs- und Werkraumausstellung) in Breslau-Scheitnig, an international showcase of modern architecture by architects of the Silesian branch of the Werkbund. [92], In 1983 and 1997, Pope John Paul II visited the city. Updates? There are also occasional sightings of escaped muskrat, american mink and raccoon. 4,1 The Polish Municipal school opened in 1666 and lasted until 1766. [167] Its White Stork Synagogue was completed in 1840,[167] and rededicated in 2010. There are several examples of Art Nouveau and Modernism in pre-war retail establishments such as the Barasch-Feniks, Petersdorff-Kameleon and Renoma department stores. [167] Four years later, in 2014, it celebrated its first ordination of four rabbis and three cantors since the Holocaust. [118] The highest temperature in Wrocław recognised by IMGW was noted on 8 August 2015 (37.9 °C (100 °F)),[118] though thermometers at the meteorological station managed by the University of Wrocław indicated 38.9 °C (102 °F) on that day. For other uses, see. The manuscript of the national epos, Pan Tadeusz, is housed there as part of the Ossolineum National Institute, with multimedia and interactive educational opportunities. [62] In 1920 a Polish consulate was opened on the Main Square. ", "Dlaczego Wrocław jest miastem krasnali? Ciudad de México DF, Benito Juárez, Grupo Tony [89] In 1948, Wrocław organized the Recovered Territories Exhibition and the World Congress of Intellectuals in Defense of Peace. The International Theatre Festival Dialog-Wrocław is held every two years. Wrocław was the host of the 2013 World Weightlifting Championships and will the host World Championship 2016 of Duplicate bridge and World Games 2017, a competition in 37 non-Olympic sport disciplines. [119][117] Snow may fall in any month from October to May but normally does so in winter; the snow cover of at least 1 cm (0.39 in) stays on the ground for an average of 27.5 days per year – one of the lowest in Poland. Ossolineum is a National Institute and Library incorporating the Lubomirski Museum (pl), partially salvaged from the formerly Polish city of Lwów (now Lviv in Ukraine), containing items of international and national significance. [168][169], In 2007, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Wrocław established the Pastoral Centre for English Speakers, which offers Mass on Sundays and Holy Days of Obligation, as well as other sacraments, fellowship, retreats, catechesis and pastoral care for all English-speaking Catholics and non-Catholics interested in the Catholic Church. [36] In 1474, after almost a century, the city left the Hanseatic League. [57], From 1912, the head of the university's Department of Psychiatry and director of the Clinic of Psychiatry (Königlich Psychiatrischen und Nervenklinik) was Alois Alzheimer and, that same year, professor William Stern introduced the concept of IQ.[58]. [34] In 1941 the remnants of the pre-war Polish minority in the city, as well as Polish slave labourers, organised a resistance group called Olimp. Będą walczyć o czystsze powietrze we Wrocławiu", "Normy klimatyczne 1991–2020 – Portal Klimat IMGW-PiB", "Dobowa zmienność Powierzchniowej Miejskiej Wyspy Ciepła wybranych miast w Polsce podczas fali upałów w sierpniu 2013 na podstawie danych satelitarnych", "We Wrocławiu padł rekord ciepła: 38,9 stopni Celsjusza", "Wrocław Absolutna temperatura maksymalna", "Wrocław Absolutna temperatura minimalna", "Wrocławskie osiedla – Biuletyn Informacji Publicznej Urzędu Miejskiego Wrocławia", "Gazeta Wrocławska – Wiadomości Wrocław, Informacje Wrocław", "DHL Express zbudował nową bazę logistyczną pod Wrocławiem", "Powstaje największe centrum handlowe w Polsce", "Qatar Airways expands in Poland with new European Customer Contact Centre", "Credit Suisse opens Centre of Excellence in Wrocław", "IBM Opens Service Delivery Center in Wrocław", "Microsoft opens software development centre in Wrocław", "Korki we Wrocławiu. Arrests were made for speaking Polish in public, and in 1938 the Nazi-controlled police destroyed the Polish cultural centre. Prior to World War II, Breslau was mostly inhabited by Protestants, followed by a large Roman Catholic and a significant Jewish minority. Omissions? [207] It is the biggest beer festival in Poland. Centennial Hall (1911–13), a noted example of reinforced-concrete architecture, was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2006. [45], In 1821, the (Arch)Diocese of Breslau withdrew from dependence on the Polish archbishopric of Gniezno, and Breslau became an exempt see. Beneath the basilica are two small medieval houses connected by an arched gate that once led into a churchyard; these were reshaped into their current form in the 1700s. [47] Local Poles took part in Polish national mourning after the Russian massacre of Polish protesters in Warsaw in February 1861, and also organized several patriotic Polish church services throughout 1861. A gondola lift over the Oder called Polinka began operation in 2013. [29] In April 1241, during the First Mongol invasion of Poland, the city was abandoned by its inhabitants and burnt down for strategic reasons. The city's current mayor is Jacek Sutryk, who has served in this position since 2018. [25] In 1109 during the Polish-German war, Prince Bolesław III Wrymouth defeated the King of Germany Henry V at the Battle of Hundsfeld, stopping the German advance into Poland. 3,8 Wrocław is located in the three mesoregions of the Silesian Lowlands (Wrocław Plain, Wrocław Valley, Oleśnica Plain) at an elevation of around 105–156 metres (Gajowe Hill and Maślickie Hill) above sea level. [107], In Wrocław, the presence of over 200 species of birds has been registered, of which over 100 have nesting places there. The position of Wrocław in the Silesian Lowlands, which are themselves located just north of the Sudetes and to the southwest of the Trzebnickie Hills, creates a favourable environment for accumulation of heat in the Oder river valley between Wrocław and Opole. It was the home of the Polish Laboratory Theatre, which was internationally famous for its innovative approaches to actor training and dramatic production in the 1960s and ’70s. Many are students studying at Wrocław's schools and institutions of higher learning. There are also minor associations practicing and promoting Rodnovery neopaganism. As a direct result of fighting during World War II, 90 percent of the city’s industry and 70 percent of its residential area were heavily damaged or entirely destroyed. Te avisaremos con nuevas ofertas. Completa tu perfil. It was already mapped on Claudius Ptolemy's map of AD 142–147. In 1939, of 620,976 inhabitants 368,464 were Protestants (United Protestants; mostly Lutherans and minority Reformed; in the Evangelical Church of the old-Prussian Union), 193,805 Catholics, 2,135 other Christians and 10,659 Jews. The Pastoral Centre is under the care of Order of Friars Minor, Conventual (Franciscans) of the Kraków Province in the parish of St Charles Borromeo (Św Karol Boromeusz).[170]. Breslau, S.67, Dumont(direkt)-Verlag, 2013.

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